|
The National Assembly of the Philippines ((タガログ語:Kapulungáng Pambansâ ng Pilipinas), (スペイン語:Asamblea Nacional de Filipinas)) refers to the legislatures of the Commonwealth of the Philippines from 1935 to 1941, and of the Second Philippine Republic during Japanese occupation. The National Assembly of the Commonwealth was created under the 1935 Constitution, which served as the Philippines' fundamental law to prepare it for its independence from the United States of America. The National Assembly during the Japanese occupation of the Philippines during the Second World War in the Pacific was created under the 1943 Constitution. With the invasion of the Philippines, the Commonwealth government had gone into exile in the United States. It left behind a skeletal bureaucracy whose officials formed a government under the Japanese Imperial Army. In an attempt to win the loyalty of Filipinos, the Japanese established a nominally independent ''Republic of the Philippines'', with a National Assembly as its legislative body. The Second Philippine Republic was only recognized by the Axis powers.〔(RMS-GS Interpreter and Translators - Philippines through the Centuries ). ''Accessed on April 13, 2007.''〕 ==Establishment== Prior to 1935, the Philippine Islands, an insular area of the United States had the bicameral Philippine Legislature as its legislative body. The Philippine Legislature was established in 1907 and reorganized in 1916, pursuant to a U.S. federal law known as the Jones Law. The Jones Law provided for a Senate and a House of Representatives, whose membership were elected except for a few, which were appointed by the U.S. Governor-General, without the need for any confirmation. The Governor-General being the chief executive of the territory also exercised the power to veto any of the Philippine Legislature's legislations.〔(Chan Robles Virtual Law Library - The Philippine Autonomy Act (Jones Law) ). ''Accessed on April 13, 2007.''〕 In 1934, Filipino politicians obtained the passage of a Philippine independence law known as the Tydings–McDuffie Act. It was crafted to prepare the Philippines for its eventual independence after a ten-year period.〔(Chan Robles Virtual Law Library - The Philippine Independence Act (Tydings-McDuffie Act) ). ''Accessed on April 11, 2007.''〕 The Tydings–McDuffie Act also enabled them to draft and adopt a constitution, subject to the concurrence of the U.S. President. In the constitutional convention that followed, a unicameral National Assembly was adopted. This came after the failure of the constitutional convention delegates to agree on the setup of the bicameral system that was favored by the majority. It also set the ceiling on its membership to a maximum of 120, that were to be elected every three years; similar to what the Jones Law had provided. It entitled every province, regardless of its population to have at least one representative. The convention likewise provided for the direct election of representatives from the non-predominantly Christian areas previously appointed by the U.S. Governor-General.〔(Chan Robles Virtual Law Library - The Philippine Autonomy Act (Jones Law), Sec. 16. ) ''Accessed on May 6, 2007''〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「National Assembly of the Philippines」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|